A number of cultural and neurophysiological variables were studied to examine their relationship with sex differences in spatial ability. Five paper-and-pencil spatial ability tests were administered to a group of 50 male and 51 female college students, with approximately equal numbers for each sex being left- or right-handed and left- or right-eye dominant. Four of the five tests showed significant sex differences. Electroencephalographic recordings from the left and from the right parietal regions were obtained with the subjects at rest and while solving four different spatial tasks. Questionnaires were also administered regarding the extent of participation and the extent of enjoyment for 25 spatially-oriented activities. Other questionnaires concerned trait anxiety and independence versus family influence. Although the neurophysiological variables were correlated with spatial test scores, they had very little potential for explaining sex differences in spatial test performance; but the cultural variables in the study did show promise in explaining those differences. (Author/CTM)