The document reports on a survey of teaching practice, pupil activity, and classroom resources in a sample of 28 rural and urban primary school classrooms in Northern Ireland. In 1974-1975 the Northern Ireland Council for Educational Research surveyed classroom resources and observed school routine, movement of pupils, changes of teachers, and classroom events. The report is divided into 11 chapters: 1) provides background to the study; 2) specifies the aims and methodology; 3) describes the sample of schools; 4) details classroom conditions and material provision; 5) describes the teachers' approaches to classroom organization, evaluation, and curriculum content; 6) examines pupils' attitudes toward classroom activities; 7) includes descriptions of the variation in school hours, the movement around school, out-of-school visits, and shared teaching responsibility; 8) 9) and 10) describe the results of the systematic observation of classroom activities, including the type of lessons and the nature of the pupils' tasks, teacher activities in different curriculum areas, and patterns of pupil activity in the classroom; and 11) discusses implications and findings. Conclusions are that while there has not been significant movement toward innovative patterns of teaching, some innovative practices have been incorporated; textbooks are widely used; teaching practices vary widely; and teachers are as much managers as instructors. Appendices provide tables and charts relating to pupil activities, classroom observation, and other data. (Author/CK)