This report defines the concept of identification, presents results of Scandinavian mass communications research studying children's identification with the content of mass media, reviews research in this area, and indicates directions for future research. Two types of identification study are reviewed: those which studied the type of child who identifies with models in the mass media and with whom they identify, and the importance of identification for the effects of mass communication. In this regard, studies of individual and social characteristics, similarity and wishful identification, and identification with animals and with other children are explored. It is suggested that the focus of past Scandinavian research on whether identification is important in the mass communication process should be reformulated to when it is important, and that studies need to view the process as a long-term process rather than in terms of individual experiences. (RAO)