A statistical profile of Appalachia's young children, from birth to 9 years, was compiled from federal and state data sources. The profile provides information important in making immediate and long range plans for improving the status of Appalachian children and their families. An examination of family living conditions suggests that Appalachian families need continued support if they are to provide their children with a healthy and secure environment; family problems include rising divorce rates, inadequate housing, and a disproportionate number of families living in poverty. The question of what constitutes adequate child care for Appalachian children is an unsettled matter. The majority of children under 6 with working mothers are cared for in informal arrangements with relatives; only 23% are enrolled in licensed day care settings. Indicators of educational attainment point to deficiencies in Appalachian education: the rate of nursery school enrollment is just over half of the national average; achievement test scores are well below the U.S. standard; Appalachian children receive fewer instructional dollars than children in non-Appalachian portions of Appalachian states. Health care information indicates the need for better distribution of health manpower, more prenatal care and dental services, and consideration of the problems associated with teenage pregnancy. (JH)