To measure the sex role attitudes of Army personnel, an initial set of 174 items was developed. These items were administered to 721 soldiers at three Army installations; the sample consisted of 540 men and 181 women--401 of these were officers and 320 were enlisted personnel. Factor analysis of these 174 items indicated one strong factor--traditional versus contemporary orientation toward women. Thirty-seven items loaded highly on this factor. From these 37 items, eighteen were selected to form the rating scale. In order to construct a second, shorter, attitude scale, seven of the 18 items were selected, based upon high item reliability (.70 to .80) and unambiguity. Reliabilities of the 18-item and 7-item scales were .88 and .78, respectively. Validity of the measures was supported by their correlations with other variables which would be expected to be related: sex, education, political beliefs, and parent and peer attitudes. Results of the field test with 721 soldiers indicated that women (as compared with men) and officers (as compared with enlisted personnel) held more contemporary attitudes toward women in the Army. (The 37-item scale is appended; the 18-item and 7-item versions are also listed). (GDC)