An examiniation of past and recent federal legislation affecting American Indians reveals the important role of Congress in developing policy for Indian affairs. The role of Congress inititally seemed directed toward providing a legal means of taking Indian land and other resources for the benefit of non-Indians. Subsequent policy has varied between the conflicting aims of assimilation and separation. The 1970's have seen three major pieces of legislation influencing Indian affairs: the Alaskan Native Claims Settlement Act, the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, and the Act creating the American Indian Policy Review Commission. This legislation has been brought about by many events, among them Indian activism and the occupation of Wounded Knee, the emergence of new persons in Congress with backgrounds and interests in Indian affairs, and the concerns of special interest groups and constituents. These Acts will influence future legislation, particularly the settlement of land claims being made by other Indian groups. In the light of Congressional impact on Indian policy, it is vital that persons concerned with Indian affairs work closely with Congress at all times. Appendices contain summaries of federal statutes pertinent to Indian Education, an analysis of Congressional committees serving the BIA, and examples of current legislation of interest to American Indians. (JH)