Training in Interpersonal Cognitive Problem Solving (ICPS) can be a means of promoting social competence and adjustment. Empirical findings suggest that the process of being able to consider multiple options for solutions of interpersonal problems is important for healthy adaptive functioning, even in children as young as 4 years of age. If one can or does consider only one or two solutions to a problem, no matter how good those solutions may be, the chance of his succeeding at solving the problem may be less than if he has a repertoire of solutions available to try again. Problem solving dialoguing, an ICPS skill, appears to be an important element in producing positive behavior change. The goal of dialoguing is to help children recognize a problem, consider what might have led up to it, and evaluate options and consequences. Formal dialoguing training closely simulates the use of dialoguing in real life situations. This may explain its effectiveness as a training technique. ICPS has the potential to reduce or prevent maladaption in a variety of populations. It has been used with retarded children, hyperactive youngsters, adult alcoholics, and short-term inpatients and is currently being tested with drug abusers, child abusers, depressed university students and pregnant teenagers. (JMB)