Three-hundred sixty students in 14 fifth grade classrooms participated in a study to determine if a planned literature program could effect a change in children's attitudes toward the aged. Following a pilot study that gathered information on children's attitudes toward the aged, four measurement instruments were developed and administered to all 360 children as pretests (and later as posttests): an attitude scale, two semantic differential scales, and a "Cartoon Apperception Test." The 14 classrooms were randomly assigned to three groups: a group that listened to the reading of books and stories dealing with the aged for 15 to 20 minutes a day during a three-week period, a group that listened to the same readings as the first group and also discussed the readings, and a control group that heard readings not having an aged character. Analysis of the results of the pretests and posttests indicated that the first (reading) group revealed positive change in attitude toward the aged on one of the semantic differential scales and that, on the same test, the control group showed a negative shift in attitude toward the aged. No other significant changes in attitude scores were noted. It appeared that attitudes were more likely to show positive gains if the teacher and the student were of the opposite sex and were more likely to worsen when teacher and student were of the same sex. (All four measurement instruments are included in the paper.) (GT)