A study was conducted to (1) document the expanding role of women in the U.S. Army and (2) determine whether soldiers in 1974 believed that certain military jobs were appropriate for women and whether those beliefs were related to respondent sex, rank, and expectation of leaving the army before retirement. An examination of army records revealed that in 1945 women made up about 2.6% of the army, for the next 25 years about 1-2%, and by 1976 about 6%. From December 1973 to December 1975 the number of enlisted women increased 131% while the number of enlisted women in traditionally female jobs increased 100% and in nontraditional jobs 2,000%. Data on soldiers' beliefs about job appropriateness was obtained from answers to twenty-four items that were part of a larger questionnaire administered in 1974 to approximately 800 male and female soldiers. Out of twenty-four traditional and nontraditional jobs under consideration, only one, rifle-carrying foot soldier, was considered by a majority of both male and female soldiers to be inappropriate for women. Respondents' judgments were strongly related to their sex and amount of education; for example, women and those with more education more often judged nontraditional jobs to be appropriate for women. (LRA)