This document contains chapter 8 of the final report of the Project on Social Architecture in Education. Chapter 8 contains two case studies, set in a large urban district with an entrenched central office bureaucracy and a militant teachers' union. The pressures of a fiscal crisis surrounded both efforts. College High School was intended to serve inner-city students by providing a humane learning environment oriented to "basic skills and beyond." It would draw on the resources of two sponsoring organizations--the school district and a municipal college--and be sited on the campus. The design of the school began to depart from the original vision, because of bureaucratic and union constraints as well as the work style of the planners. The original hopes for Julius Appelbaum High School were to provide innovative learning experiences, linking a strong academic program, business courses, and direct work experience in the offices of the nearby financial and business community. The case is interesting for the sharp discontinuity between planning and implementation and the strong movement toward bureaucratization driven by, as the case puts it, "the key planner's neglect of substance and the key implementer's neglect of human relations." (Author/MLF)