To study internal psychological barriers to women's equity in formerly male education and occupational domains, Matthew's scale of attitudes toward women's roles in society was administered to 294 male and 261 female graduate students pursuing degrees in one of six professional areas, three male-dominated and three traditionally female-dominated. In measuring attitudes toward women's societal role, it was found tht men and women differed in perceptions of appropriate women's roles, perceptions of general male attitudes toward women's roles, interest in child care, support for early socialization of girls as homemakers, and views that parents prefer daughters' early marriages. Men were consistently closer to the traditional, stereotypical position on these scales than women, with one exception--women expressed greater liking for children and the traditionally feminine child care role. Sex differences followed consistent patterns across career groups, and professionals, regardless of gender, differed in attitudes according to their career pursuit. Some attitude differences among career groups did parallel divisions by gender dominance. For example, law, business, and medicine groups expressed lower interest in child care than did those in traditionally feminine professions--social work, education, and nursing. (Author/CSS)