Part of a series of studies on higher education in different countries, this essay examines relations between universities and governments from a comparative perspective. Two major themes that appear in the literature are the determinants of increased government control and the extent of that power; six recent books that address these themes are discussed. The most frequently cited determinant of increased government control of universities is system expansion. Newer institutions generally lack the power of more established institutions (the size, tradition, or alumni), and proliferation increases the need for active coordination. Expansion has also changed intra-university structures in a way that stimulates government involvement. Demands that universities meet social, economic, and political needs beyond the campus also affect government control. Government control over the university has increased as overall government control has increased in most socio-economic spheres. The extent of government control and patterns of control in different countries are examined. Centralized control; autonomy and academic freedom; the power of coordinating boards; and control over appointive, academic, and financial policies are considered. (SW)