This report summarizes a study of citizenship and social studies attitudes and knowledge conducted by the National Assessment of Educational Progress. The survey of citizenship was conducted during the 1968-69 and 1969-70 school years; the survey of social studies was administered during the 1971-72 school year. During the school year 1975-76, items from both assessments were reassessed to determine changes in performance. Test items emphasized political knowledge and attitudes in five major content areas: constitutional rights, respect for others, structure and function of government, political process, and international affairs. In this report, the first five chapters describe results for each of the five content areas. Chapter six gives results for different population subgroups, and chapter seven presents interpretive remarks about the data by experts in the fields of citizenship and social studies. Many tables and charts supplement the written text in each chapter. (AV) Primary type of information provided by report: Results (Change) (Selective).