This paper traces the development and contributions of the American academy, a type of school designed to serve the needs of the middle class by including subjects other than college preparation. The three types of 17th century American schools which existed prior to the academy are described: the petty or dame school, the writing school, and the Latin grammar school for the wealthy. The decline of the Latin school in the 18th century was a result of diminishing influence by European traditions and customs and an increasing democratic consciousness. Benjamin Franklin founded the academy system in 1749; it was comprised of three schools, Latin, English, and mathematical, with emphases on the practical applications of science, agriculture, commerce, and industry. By 1800 many academies had been instituted and the movement spread to the West Indies as a result of missionary and educational efforts. The academy system influenced the scope of courses offered in the universities and encouraged the education of girls. Some of its graduates became the best-educated teachers hired by elementary schools. Finally, the academy clearly marked a transition from the aristocratic Latin grammar school to the more democratic high school. (KC)