The numerous types of individuals classified as part-time faculty are discussed, along with arguments for and against using part-time faculty, and their rights and status. A very diverse set of individuals with widely varying interests works part-time. The purposes for which they are employed vary widely as do the rules under which they work. Changing lifestyles and work attitudes demand flexible employment options. Civil service reforms recently passed or currently pending acknowledge changing attitudes toward work, and a "Federal Employees Part-Time Career Employment Act of 1978" requires federal agency heads and the Civil Service Commission to work toward increasing use of career part-time positions. Among the many advantages of having part-time faculty are that the contributions of young intellectuals are not lost because of the current Ph.D. surplus, people with family responsibilities can be accommodated, and retirement can be phased in. The arguments against using part-timers include the fact that they are an inexpensive source of labor, and established faculty and their unions view this as a serious threat to their own economic security. Some other concerns that are discussed are accreditation and teaching quality. Rights to employment security, equal compensation, and access to full-time faculty bargaining units are concerns of part-time faculty. A bibliography is included. (SW)