This publication presents papers prepared for the National Conference on School-based Decision-making in Sydney, Australia. Papers were prepared by both government and nongovernment school systems in each state and territory of Australia. The aim of this publication is to help school administrators, teachers, school boards, and others involved in school-based decision-making to gain insight into new approaches being adopted in Australian schools. In most cases, the papers deal with the same topics and are organized in the same way so that readers can compare different ideas on the same topics. Topics most frequently discussed include general policy considerations, who should make decisions, decision-making structures, and decision-making regarding areas of curriculum, student assessment, professional staff, ancillary staff, specialist staff, school buildings, school supplies, and finance. (Author/JM)