The academic productivity of four groups was measured: male Ph.D's who had male dissertation advisors; female Ph.D's who had female advisors; female Ph.D's who had male advisors; and male Ph.D's who had female advisors. Academic productivity was measured by the quantity of research published by these two groups for a four-year period following awarding of degree. As predicted, scholars in the two same-sex role model conditions published significantly more research than scholars in the two cross-sex conditions. Possible advantages of providing individuals with same-sex role models are discussed and some factors are identified which may inhibit professional advancement in the case of cross-sex role models. (Author/BN)