The document examines federal regulation of educational programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance. Specifically, the booklet explores discrimination against women by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). The document is presented in seven chapters. Chapter I discusses the relationship between Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and the NEH and NEA. Chapter II presents background information on the endowments and identifies problem areas in endowment policies toward women. Chapters III and IV provide more detailed information on goals, activities, and programs of the NEH and NEA and present figures on fellowship programs and recipients for each agency since 1971. Chapter V offers conclusions and recommendations. Conclusions are that the NEH and NEA should regulate participation in endowment programs and activities, grant funds only to institutions which comply with equal employment opportunity laws, and increase efforts to include women on review panels and as grant recipients. Recommendations include that the endowments should meet requirements of equal opportunity laws, encourage women applicants and panelists, and establish a task force to monitor potential discriminatory practices. Chapter VI consists of an appendix, followed by a bibliography in the final chapter. (DB)