This paper on Canadian universities and colleges presents information on the historical background, financing of higher education, provincial developments since 1969, national and international aspects, the control and government of institutions, teaching staffs, types of institutions, admission requirements, and student costs. Two systems of higher education have developed in Canada reflecting the two major cultural traditions. One system retains French characteristics; the other system was designed according to English, Scottish, and United States practices. A small third group of institutions offers instruction in both French and English. Each Canadian province is responsible for the establishment and administration of education within its own boundaries, since there is no federal ministry of education. The federal government is responsible only for the education of Indians and Eskimos, inmates, and the military. The federal government does contribute to the costs of higher education. Studies conducted by national organizations concerning higher education are cited. Each province has its curriculum and awards its certificates of completion of secondary-school studies. Canadian universities have individual admission requirements based on certificates awarded in the province, but all treat the certificate of their provinces as approximately equivalent. Appendices include a description of degree-granting universities and colleges in 1973 by province, excluding those granting degrees in theology only; a list of some Canadian higher education student service and academic organizations; and a bibliography of key documents in Canadian higher education. (SW)