Using statistical analyses of 1960 and 1970 census data, this paper explores reasons for the remarkable rise in the relative wage of black women in the United States. Education, government employment, geographical region of residence (South or non-South), and hours worked are the four variables employed. The analytical framework of the study is detailed. A comparison of occupational distributions reveals that the proportion of black women in domestic service has declined significantly and that over half of this decline was offset by expanded employment of blacks as clericals, secretaries and typists. More competitive (with white women) levels of schooling, the rapid rise in black wages in the South, and the success of affirmative action are cited as major reasons for the improved overall economic position of black women. (KR)