Significant cases of research in terms of their effect on school practices are cited and discussed in this volume. In presenting the various case studies, the authors have not focused on the scientific validity of the ideas they present but on the impact of these ideas on education practice. The following topics are covered: (1) the use of psychological tests, especially tests of intellectual capacity, and the controversies that surround current testing practices; (2) the impact of vocabulary research on the actual content of written materials used in schools; (3) recent approaches to behavior modification in educational settings; (4) the implications for education of the theories of Jean Piaget; (5) the influence of psychological theories in American elementary education; (6) the impact of the language sciences on second language education, and the developments in psycholinguistics and social linguistics over the past thirty years; (7) the use of theory-oriented work in the architectural design of classrooms; (8) the relation between educational research and educational reform in Sweden; and (9) the relation between social science research and the law, and the issue of school-finance reform. (JD)