The logical foundations of deduction and induction are outlined to form the rules for the construction of a set of tests of reasoning ability. Both deduction and induction involve the derivation of a conclusion from a set of premises. Deductive logic uses syllogisms and is abstract. Inductive logic is both empirical and abstract. Although inductive judgments cannot reliably tell us anything about particulars, we do in fact rely upon induction, and it constitutes our only possibility of making contact with the empirical manifold. Inductive reasoning may be used either to generate laws or to form judgments of probability. Item analysis data are presented, as are reliability coefficients. (Author/CTM)