This paper explores the current age of accountability, citing examples from the field of child welfare. The discussion focuses on: (1) a definition of accountability; (2) an examination of historical antecedents; (3) a discussion and critique of the systems-oriented styles of accountability presently in use; and (4) a summary of major problems which all styles of accountability must take into account. It is argued that the current systems-oriented trend in accountability in the social service arena, and in child welfare in particular, has questionable assumptions attached to it. After earmarking these assumptions and their origins, the paper summarizes the basic problems of accountability, makes suggestions on how to deal with these problems, and stresses the importance of doing so. The paper concludes by listing five benefits of accountability, including the fact that recipients know they will be helped rather than dehumanized. (Author)