The first half of this monograph provides an overview of the theoretical concerns of evaluators. Definitions are provided of accountability, measurement, assessment, evaluation research, formative and summative evaluation, goal-free evaluation, goal-based evaluation, and evaluation. Several models of evaluation are described and discussed, including the Countenance Model, by Robert Stake; several Goal Attainment Models; the Discrepancy Model by Malcolm Provus; the CIPP (context, input, process, product) Model by Egon Guba and Daniel Stufflebeam; and the decision-oriented model developed at UCLA's Center for the Study of Evaluation by Marvin Alkin. Scriven's Modus Operandi Method and the Adversary Approach to evaluation are also discussed. The chapter on evaluation designs describes experimental designs, quasi-experimental designs, and process evaluation. Holistic evaluation and Transactional Evaluation are presented as integrated approaches to program evaluation. The second half of this monograph presents several case studies. They include evaluations of an equal educational opportunity program in the California Community Colleges, Project Head Start, a professional school curriculum, and public school curriculum; and needs assessments of a professional school and a faculty development program. The final chapter deals with the utilization of the results of an evaluation. A list of 112 bibliographical references is appended. (BW)