This document is divided into two papers; the first paper investigates the attitudes of secondary students toward modern society (attitudes about the future, making friends, looking for a job, and viewing the city as a friendly place), and whether age, sex, or grade made any difference in these attitudes. A non-randomized, control-group posttest design was used for both studies. Findings suggest that student attitudes are more traditional than modern, but whether sex, age, or grade made any difference in these attitudes could not be determined. The second paper investigates the extensional meaning of secondary student images (defined by subjects' ranking of nine nations in order of modernity), and whether sex, age, or grade made any difference in these images. Findings suggest that the secondary students view Western nations as being the image of modern society. Although significant differences were apparent by sex, age, and grade, testing of this hypothesis suffered from lack of control and validity. Hence, the generalizability of selected comparisons was limited. It was also found that school environment fosters the distinctive ways in which students visualize modern society. Both papers list several practical teaching techniques and devices for the teacher, as well as suggestions for further research. (Author/JK)