This report describes the outcome of a study by the National Academy of Sciences of the career outcomes of the persons who received fellowships between 1959 and 1973 under NDEA Title IV. Follow-up on those persons who received fellowships was done by means of the data banks in the Commission on Human Resources (CHR) of the National Research Council. No special data collection was attempted for this purpose because the resources within the CHR provided information on substantial and usually representative samples of the basic population. Criteria of career achievement are identified as: attainment of the doctorate; becoming a faculty member; achieving dissertation advisor status; migration from Ph. D. institution to employment; winning of research grants; employment after doctorate; publications and citations in the scientific literature; limitations of publication and citation counts as career criteria; and geographic distribution. The nature of the CHR data and the extent to which data were available on this fellowship holding population are described. Data on career outcomes are tabulated, and occasionally interpreted in graphic displays. Comparative sex and salary differences as well as data on the whole population of Ph. D.'s are presented, but no statement of policy implications is attempted. (SPG)