Because officials in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) could not answer questions concerning the number of complaints about Title IX violations received, how the agency had resolved them, what kind of complaints were most common, how many school districts had stopped unfair practices as a result of HEW's intervention, how many people had been helped, and what HEW had done, independent of citizen complaint, to make sure the nation's school districts were obeying the law, the Project on Equal Education Rights conducted its own study. HEW's records on each complaint filed from the day of the law's enactment through October 1, 1976, were studied and interviews were conducted of HEW staffers; students, parents, and teachers who had filed charges; and school administrators whose districts had been charged with violations of the law. The results were disturbing--rules and policies that perpetuate unequal treatment of males and females are still going uncorrected. Discussion includes the need for Title IX, how the law works, and why people file complaints, as well as an evaluation of HEW's performance. (Author/IRT)