This study was designed to examine the role of State Educational Agencies (SEAs) in desegregation activity. It examines the nature of SEA activity and identifies common elements important to effective programs. It also assesses whether these activities and elements could serve as models for other states, and determines the need and desire of the states for changes in their relationship to the federal government. The study included a legal review and analysis of recent court decisions that indicate SEA responsibility for desegregation. Findings indicate that of the 19 states contacted, only 9 can be considered as having active desegregation programs in the sense that they try to take positive or self-initiated steps at the SEA level to eliminate segregation at the LEA level. Most of the states desired a closer partnership with the federal government, including a greater voice in administration of desegregation assistance programs, especially in fund allocation and monitoring activities. Furthermore, the study found that most of the large LEAs would not oppose SEA involvement in desegregation matters. A policy implication of this study is that current state role and behavior are unlikely to change in a significant way without prodding by the courts, Congress, or the federal agencies. (Author/AM)