This report results from a National School Boards Association (NSBA) conference on declining enrollment and from a survey of state school boards associations conducted in advance of the conference. The conference drew school board leaders and school administrators together with population experts to achieve several purposes that are reflected in the chapters of this report: to share their understanding of declining enrollment; to provide state school boards associations with suggestions of how they might help local districts; to provide NSBA with suggestions of how it might help state associations and local districts; and to raise issues and questions that the National Institute of Education (NIE) should consider as it shapes its agenda for dealing with enrollment change. (Author/MLF)