The centralized, federally controlled, public educational systems of New Zealand and Australia are in a state of disequilibrium and change. While the federal departments of education still remain the one institution in the education system capable of an informed, overall view of the entire scene, the pressures toward decentralization (including cultural pluralism and citizens' desire for greater policy-making authority) are growing. As a result, the provision of educational services and the power of decision making is increasingly being placed in the hands of professional educators, specifically, teachers. This transfer of responsibility means that professional development of educators must emphasize accountability. The professional development of teachers cannot be administered as if it were a mere delivery system originating with the central educational departments. (Author)