Observers viewed silent videotapes of elementary school children listening to a lesson. Some of the stimulus children were listening to either a very easy or a very difficult lesson; consequently, their nonverbal behavior occurred naturally and spontaneously. Other stimulus children were instructed to pretend (role play) that they understood or did not understand the lesson; thus, their nonverbal behavior was deliberate or intentional. Observers were required to judge whether each stimulus person's behavior was spontaneous or deliberate. Results indicated that the observers did significantly differentiate between spontaneous and deliberate behavior on the basis of facial responses alone. (Authors)