This brief survey of the conceptual development of the morale-productivity relationship examines some of the major representative studies of this subject from the 1930s through the 1970s. The author notes the trend away from thinking of productivity and morale as simply and directly related, the traditional view assumed in the early research. He states that although high morale does not ensure high productivity, research indicates that certain situational and environmental factors, as well as motivational determinants that result in greater worker effectiveness and productivity, may generate high morale and job satisfaction. The author believes that there is ample need for further research in the area of morale and job satisfaction. (Author/DS)