This report is the first attempt by the Office of Education to determine: (1) what the condition of bilingual education is in the United States, (2) what advances have been made, and (3) what problems remain to be solved. Following a discussion of the history and rationale of bilingual education, and the quantification of the need for bilingual education, resources required to meet the education needs of limited-English-speaking persons are considered. Fourteen Federal programs most directly concerned with meeting these needs are discussed, including the Bilingual Education Act, ESEA Title VII; the Emergency School Aid Act; the Vocational Education Act; the Adult Education Program; the Library Services and Construction Act; the Civil Rights Act, Title IV; the Education of Disadvantaged Children, ESEA Title I; the Supplementary Educational Centers and Services, ESEA Title III; Follow Through; Right To Read; special programs for students from disadvantaged backgrounds; the Indian Education Act, Title IV; the Strengthening Developing Institutions Program of the Higher Education Act, Title III; research on bilingual education carried out by the National Institute of Education; state bilingual education programs; and educational television. Evaluations of bilingual education and the administration of federal bilingual education programs are handled. Appendices include statistics relevant to bilingual education, and the 1975 survey of languages. (CLK)