Interviews were conducted with 721 students in fourth, sixth, and eighth grades to study whether children's perceived reality of television would affect the relationship between pro-social and anti-social television content and pro-social and anti-social behavior. Social behavior variables, a perceived reality index, and television exposure variables (reflecting exposure to pro-social and anti-social behaviors) were derived from the responses. Overall, results from factor and regression analyses of the data did not support the assumed role of perceived reality in determining the impact of exposure to television on children's social behavior. Further exploratory analyses and methodological issues are discussed. Appendixes give conceptual and operational definitions of the pro-social and anti-social behaviors which were measured. (AA)