The review of social and behavioral science programs supported by the National Science Foundation recommends improvements in program substance and management. Sixteen social and behavioral scientists who are or have been grantees under Foundation programs served on the review committee. They examined more than 150 documents pertaining to behavioral and social sciences, received advice, information, and suggestions from over 300 individuals and groups, and evaluated information from the NSF on research funding, grant management, scientists, research projects, and Foundation policies. The booklet outlines the scope of NSF programs, evaluates basic research by discipline, recommends new opportunities and interdisciplinary directions, discusses and evaluates the program on Research Applied to National Needs, compares NSF with other social science programs, and assesses the impact of research policies on universities. Sixteen findings and recommendations are presented, including: (1) quality of basic research projects is generally excellent; (2) many important investigations are unfunded or underfunded; (3) expensive and long-term projects tend to be discouraged, rejected, or reduced; and (4) program planning should have more input from the scientific community. Appendices provide data on publication of research supported by NSF, support for young researchers, and expenditures for facilities and equipment. (Author/DB)