In this monograph research results of studies on the teaching of basic skills in elementary schools is synthesized with emphasis on the practical implications for actual practice in the classroom. Development of skills in reading and mathematics in the early grades is the focus. Four major factors in basic instruction are discussed. The importance of opportunity for study and time allowances for concentration on each subject is one of these factors. Motivation of students, positive reinforcement, and classroom atmosphere are considered important forces in the learning process. Organization and sequencing of instruction and planning of curriculum are also major factors discussed. Interaction between teacher and students and individual characteristics of all classroom participants is the fourth primary area covered. Results of research in each of the above categories (opportunity, motivators, structure, and instructional events) are outlined and analyzed. Three tables that might be used in program analysis or selection are appended. One is taxonomy of reading comprehension, one lists bases for evaluation of readers and related materials, and the third analyzes 13 reading programs in terms of selected variables. A report of the working group on goals for basic mathematical skills and learning is also appended. A bibliography of reading materials on research in basic skills is included. (JD)