A record of two days of hearings is presented conducted by the United States House of Representatives into (1) demographic trends affecting elementary and secondary education and (2) student achievement levels on standardized tests. Prepared statements by each person speaking before the committee are given, dealing with (1) a summary and presentation of demographic trends in elementary and secondary schools, (2) policy implications of declining school enrollments, (3) factors affecting achievement levels on standardized achievement tests, (4) summary presentations of national achievement levels in various curricular areas, and (5) experiences of the Oregon State Department of Education in developing competency based education. Included in the appendices, which constitute the bulk of the document, are (1) the complete "Preliminary Analysis of Demographic Trends Influencing the Elementary and Secondary School System" prepared by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, and (2) a report by the Congressional Research Service on "Developing Issues in Elementary and Secondary Education," concerning school finance, educational achievement, and racial segregation. (MJB)