This article reviews some of the research literature dealing with factors which contribute to success in acquiring second language speaking skills. Language attitudes, cognitive style variables (i.e., field dependence and independence; overgeneralization and negative transfer from the native language), personality variables (tolerance of ambiguity, extroversion, and empathy), general strategies and specific techniques are discussed. The question is raised as to whether the more successful second language learner is better able to avoid interference from his native language. Various avoidance strategies such as topic avoidance, semantic avoidance, paraphrase, and language switch are mentioned. The article also discusses future avenues for both large-scale and case study research. It is suggested that the language learner be used as an informant when analyzing the reasons for learners' errors. It is proposed, in conclusion, that such research might be channeled to activities emplicitly intended to produce better language learners. (Author)