The first part of this document summarizes the current state of knowledge on trends in inequality of economic well-being in the United States since World War II. It surveys alternative answers to the often asked question: Has inequality in the U.S. increased, decreased, or remained roughly the same over a period of time? Intelligent laymen, and indeed economists, might well be confused about the apparent divergence of views on this issue among experts. One purpose of this paper is to reconcile, as far as possible, the disparate results coming out of recent studies. While some of the differences can be readily explained by differences in the income concept and recipient unit used, other discrepancies remain a puzzle mainly because of the inadequacies of available data. The second paper summarizes the discussion of the participants at a conference on the trend in inequality of well-being in the United States since World II for which the first paper was prepared. There was a concensus among the participants that statements concerning the trend in inequality are sensitive to the choice of income concept, and that government actions affect both recipient units and the form of income. These choices bias estimates of the trend. The conference format was designed to catalog what was known about how each of these biases affected the level of inequality and its trend. (Author/JM)