The present book catalogs and studies the major trends in academic governance, including some trends that persist from earlier times as well as new issues that have emerged. The book discusses internal governance but places it within the context of environmental policies, issues, and trends. Included are articles appearing for the first time in published form, several written especially for this book, and some classics in the field fundamental to understanding the characteristics of academic organizations. Part 1 views colleges and universities as complex organizations and addresses the controversial issue of institutional diversity in higher education. Part 2 offers argument on both sides of the issue of innovation and identifies several factors that are empirically related to innovation, academic reform, and institutional change. Part 3 shows the boundaries and constraints imposed by the public, the law, and the problems of multicampus administration. Part 4 discusses the role of the "estates"--the students, administrators, faculty, and trustees who have vested interests in institutional policies and practices. Finally, Part 5 offers largely data-based discussions of collective bargaining in higher education. (Author)