In predominantly white, four-year, residential institutions where black populations are less than 10 percent, black professional staff tend to be in entry-level positions. They have often been found in special programs for minority and low-income students. A survey of black administrators in midwestern institutions showed that by the early 1970s: (1) the majority were associated with equal opportunity programs (EOPS); (2) 90 percent were being paid with institutional funds; (3) they were in their mid-thirties to early forties and were primarily male and married; (4) although most had their undergraduate training in the social sciences, they usually held master's degrees in education with emphasis on administration; and (5) there was a tendency among EOP directors toward earning doctorates. Barriers to black participation in administration include: (1) their positions in the administration; (2) for many the fact that they are not faculty members; (3) systematic racism. Affirmative action programs are working only minimally; the state of the art is confused. (Author/MSE)