The sex role preceptions and behavior of female college students were examined in this study. Using an exchange theory orientation, it was hypothesized that role perceptions and related behavior patterns are related to the rewards and costs a woman expects to result from the performance of masculine and feminine behaviors. The women first completed a series of sex role scales and then participated in group discussion sessions with male confederates. The results support a social reinforcement orientation to sex role perceptions and behavior, and suggest that in order to change women's role perceptions and actual behavior, a change in the outcomes available for alternative behavior patterns is essential. (Author)