In the Polish Peoples Republic, all citizens have become fully equalized in terms of political and social rights, but there are still both external and internal barriers to female emancipation, particularly in the country. While women, in general, find it difficult to juggle their increasing roles, women living in the country have additional burdens. There is currently very little sociological research on country women, but the 1,200 diaries of country women submitted in a 1970 competition constitute a good basis for comparative analysis in terms of the woman's family, professional, and citizen roles. Migration, industrialization, the modernization of agriculture, and increased educational opportunities have all contributed to the phenomenon of "feminization" of manpower on individual farms in Poland where there are currently 65 males to every 100 females working on farms. While the social position of contemporary country women is high, their working and living conditions remain very difficult; they are working longer hours (15-18 hour days) to absorb the work once handled by men and children (the men are working more in industry, and the children are being given more educational and cultural advantages). Urbanization and modernization have increased the material wants of rural people, resulting in a changing social structure wherein the woman also is assuming more political responsibilities and adding another dimension to her many roles. (JC)