This book, based on an invitational conference held in Newport, Rhode Island, in June 1975, includes an edited record of that conference as well as additional papers which were developed by participants as a result of their conference experience. Twelve papers are included: "Public Education as the Great Equalizer", Fred M. Hechinger; "Types of Equality: Sorting, Rewarding, Performing", S. M. Miller; "The Equality-Meritocracy Dilemma in Education", Torsten Husen; "The Role of Education in the Escape from Poverty", Herbert J. Gans; "Education, Life Chances, and the Courts: The Role of Social Science Evidence", Henry M. Levin; "Education of the Disadvantaged: A Problem of Human Diversity", Edmund W. Gordon; "Equality and Diversity in Education", Arthur R. Jensen; "IQ Differences and Social Policy", Carl Bereiter; "IQ Tests and the Handicapper General", Thomas R. Pezzullo; "Problems Without Solutions: Solutions Without Problems", Lester C. Thurow; "Equal Opportunity--Some Promise and a Lack of Vision", Marshall S. Smith; and, "White Flight Research: Its Importance, Perplexities, and Policy Implications", Gary Orfield. (Author/JM)