A case study concerning professional ethics and political activism of university professors is presented. The subject of the study is the Committee for an Effective UNESCO, an organization which is pressuring the academic community to boycott all UNESCO-sponsored activities until UNESCO ceases its alleged discriminatory political activities and modifies resolutions condemning Zionism and racism. The intent of the author is to call attention to a situation that has created considerable internal controversy at American universities. The attempts of Committee members to cancel a UNESCO conference at Michigan State University in 1976 are documented, and letters circulated by the Committee concerning this and other university conferences are discussed. The ethical issues dealt with relate to those which surround the UNESCO conference, policy statements issued by the National Council for the Social Studies on academic freedom and open inquiry, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and the responsibility of the university to remain a marketplace for the free exchange of ideas. An appendix presents a chronology of 14 events prior and subsequent to the UNESCO-sponsored conference at Michigan State University, May 24 through 29, l976. (Author/DB)