The background, current structure, and functions of the Czechoslovakian educational system are described in this booklet. Topics include history, legal basis, structure, administration, financing, academic calendar, language of instruction, and the grading system. The following seven educational categories are discussed: (1) preschool education which includes day-care centers and nursery schools; (2) compulsory elementary education which provides basic nine-year schooling from age 6-15; (3) secondary education which is applied for by graduates of the elementary program and is divided into general, vocational, apprentice, and evening workers program; (4) special education which provides instruction for the physically and mentally handicapped; (5) people's arts and language schools which provide optional study in the visual arts, performing arts, and foreign languages; (6) teacher education which trains students according to the grade level to be taught; (7) higher education which consists of universities, technical schools, colleges of arts, agriculture, economics, forestry, theology, and veterinary medicine. References, a glossary of terms, and a directory of Czech higher education institutions are included in the document. (Author/DB)