The feasibility of using criterion referenced tests (CRTs) in a large-scale evaluation conducted in an effectiveness evaluation context was investigated. The study began by examining the theory that structures the development and validation of CRTs to discover whether, on theoretical grounds alone, CRTs are suitable or not suitable for large-scale effectiveness evaluations. Next, a set of criteria were developed for selecting tests appropriate for such evaluations. Included within the set of criteria was the stipulation that the test be able to provide scores amenable to CRT interpretation. Twenty-eight currently available CRTs were then reviewed, using the set of criteria. Finally, based on theoretical examination and the review, conclusions were drawn. Based on practical, not theoretical, considerations, it was concluded that there is no currently available CRT that is feasible for use in large-scale effectiveness evaluations. (RC)