A two-stage nationwide mail survey of medical school graduates of 1965 was designed to provide health planners with better and more current information on physician location determinants. Presented are the findings of that survey that specifically address the problems of identifying location decision factors that seem to differentiate physicians who choose a rural practice location from those who choose an urban one. The survey focuses attention on primary care physicians, acknowledges the potential importance of a complex of personal, professional, and social factors in the location decision, and investigates the role of the wife. Two surveys are reported. The initial survey of graduates of 1965 reaffirmed the importance of place of rearing in a physician's choice of practice location. A follow-up survey designed to examine certain decision influences in detail revealed the incentives needed to attract physicians not only to a particular community, but to rural areas in general. Results indicate that, while rural physicians for the most part choose their location out of preference for rural as opposed to urban areas, the urban physicians in the sample base their choice as often as not on considerations independent of such a preference. (Author/KE)