The information and recommendations presented in this report are a distillation of a more extensive companion volume, "The Importance of Year-Round Schools." Together both volumes fully describe the second phase of a national study of year-round schools (YRS) that was initially begun by the National Council of Year-Round Education in 1975. The purpose of this executive summary is to provide a brief overview of information collected and analyzed during the study's second phase and to describe a set of needed research projects. The research agenda presented in this report results from study of the present status of year-round schools, examination of extant evaluations and planning studies, and discussions with leading educators and administrators in the YRS movement. To facilitate access to more detailed information, this volume is cross-referenced to appropriate sections of "The Importance of Year-Round Schools." The appendix contains a summary of demographic and programmatic data on the 24 school districts studied in phase 2, as well as a summary of educational and financial evaluations of YRS programs that were conducted in the study districts. (Author/JG)