This report presents a statistical portrait of the changing role of women in the United States during the 20th century. Data are from United States Government sources--from surveys, decennial censuses, vital statistics, and administrative records. The majority of the statistics have been published previously, either in government documents or professional journals, but are brought together here to highlight the demographic, social, and economic conditions of women. The analyses trace trends among women in the areas of population growth and composition, longevity, morality, and health, residence and migration, marital and family status, fertility, education, labor force participation, occupation and industry, work experience, income and poverty status, voting and public office holding, and crime and victimization. Comparisons of black and white women are discussed separately, and recent data are included for women of Spanish origin. (Author)